Self-Reliance of the Individuals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self-Reliance of the Individuals - Essay Example Similar to what an artist does, inscribing the content of their minds into a surface and eventually producing a beautiful work of art, similarly people should let their inner drives move them so that the beauty of their minds and soul can be manifested to the world (). Further, even God’s intention when he created the world was that people would exploit their potentials, though doing what is their best in whatever they seek to engage in, considering that God’s work cannot be executed by cowards. Therefore, the essence of the soul and mind that we have been granted by God is to become self-reliant on our own, because what we have been granted is by itself very adequate to enable us to become the best there can be in whatever we set our minds on. As a matter of fact, man only finds peace in the things that he has done to his best (). Whatever else that man does out of the influence of others, he shall always feel ashamed and discontented. Similarly to what infants and sma ll babies are, that is what the life of humans is supposed to be. The life of infants and small babies does not conform to other people’s lives but rather influences others to emulate their lives (). In this respect, infants and small children have been able to live an authentic life, which is contrary to the life that adults live, the life of conforming to the external environment, rather than influencing the environment to conform to their lives.  

Murder and Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Murder and Media - Essay Example "They're going to show you what sells, and not necessarily what tells." The 19 seconds of baton-weilding recorded on tape said it all, as far as the general populace was concerned. Only the images got etched in the public mind, not the facts surrounding the incident. The incident was branded as another instance of wanton violence on the part of LAPD, and more than that there was clearly a racial element to it. But this is so absurd. Maybe the police beating was justifiable. Maybe there was nothing of racial bias or hatred involved the situation and the police would have done exactly the same thing even if Rodney King were a white man. Nobody bothered to cast any doubt on the media version of the event, nor bothered to look at it from an impartial frame of mind, that is, until the Washington Post journalist Lou Cannon came up a remarkable account of the whole incident in his "Official Negligence: How Rodney King and the Riots Changed Los Angeles and the LAPD," though only the better part of a decade after the incident. In the book, Lou Cannon lucids presents his case that the four Los Angeles Police Department officers prosecuted in 1992 for beating Rodney King were merely scapegoats for the deadly riots that took place in the Los Angeles city soon after the police officers received their not-guilty verdicts.

Components Of A Petrol Engine Engineering Essay

Components Of A Petrol Engine Engineering Essay Introduction: Petrol Engine was developed by the German engineers Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler in 1885. This invention was considered to be one of the greatest achievements in the automotive industry. A petrol engine uses petrol typically known as gasoline in the United States, as a fuel. Inside the engine, the burning of fuel coupled with air forces the hot gases to expand against various parts of the engine and cause them to move. Hence, petrol engines are termed as internal-combustion engines. Additionally, petrol engines are highly compact and lightweight for the power produced by them. The rate at which it generates work is typically computed in horse power or watts  [1]  . In essence, a petrol engine is seen as a composite piece of machinery that comprises of as much as 150 moving parts. Moreover, it is a reciprocating piston engine, wherein a multiple pistons are seen moving up and down within cylinders. For the working of the petrol engine, a mixture of air and petrol is introduced into space surrounding the piston and is then ignited. Then, the gases produced push the pistons down, thereby producing power. This engine-operating cycle repeats itself after every four strokes, either downward or upward movement of the piston, and this is termed as the four-stroke cycle. Further, the movement of the pistons causes the crankshaft to rotate, which has a heavy flywheel attached at its terminal. From the flywheel the power is transmitted to the cars driving through the transmission of clutch, gear system, and final drive  [2]  . The primary purpose of this report is to provide a profound knowledge about lightweight petrol engines. The study outlines the use of various components used for the manufacturing and the production of lightweight petrol engines. It discusses the properties that make these materials most appropriate for constructing lightweight engines. The following section focuses on the primary components of the lightweight petrol engine Parts of a Petrol Engine: The major components of the petrol engine can be categorized into a number of systems: The Fuel System: The fuel system is responsible for pumping fuel from the petrol tank into the carburettor, where it mixes with air and gets sucked into the engine cylinders. Further, with the help of electronic fuel injection, it traverses directly into the cylinders from the tank through an electronic monitor. The ignition system: This system supplies the sparks in order to ignite the fuel mixture within the cylinders. It boosts the 12-volt battery voltage by means of an ignition coil and contact breaker, up to the rates of 18,000 volts or greater. Through a distributor, these pulses then travel to the spark plugs inside the cylinders, where they can produce the sparks. Due to the ignition of the fuel inside the cylinders, temperatures of approximately 700 or more are produced, when the engine must be cooled to avoid overheating  [3]  . Water-cooling system: Almost all engines nowadays have a water-cooling system, which allows circulation of water through channels within the cylinder block, thereby extracting the heat. The water flows through pipes within a radiator, which is cooled by fan-blown air. Most motorcycles and cars are air-cooled, where the cylinders are surrounding by several fins to offer a large surface area for the air. The Lubrication system: This system also reduces some amount of heat; however, it main job is keeping the moving parts of the engine coated with adequate oil, which is continuously pumped under pressure to the crankshaft, valve-operating gear as well as the camshaft  [4]  . The underlying principle behind the working of any reciprocating internal combustion engine is that if a small amount of high-energy fuel such as gasoline is placed in a small, enclosed space and ignited, it produces an incredible amount of energy in the form of expanding gas. This released energy can be used to propel a potato 500 feet. For such cases, the energy is converted into potato motion. This energy can also be used for more productive purposes, such as if one creates a cycle which allows explosions to set off like hundreds of times per minute, and if that energy is harnessed is a profitable way, then you have the core of the car engine  [5]  . Figure 1: Parts of a Petrol Engine Most cars today use what is commonly known as a four-stroke combustion engine, as aforementioned, in order to translate gasoline into motion. Further, the four-stroke approach is also called as Otto cycle, as invented by Nikolaus Otto in 1867  [6]  . The four basic strokes for working of a petrol engine are: The intake stroke The compression stroke The combustion stroke, and The exhaust stroke As shown in the figure below, a device known as piston replaces the potato of the potato cannon. As depicted, the piston is attached to a crankshaft by means of a connecting rod. Every time the crankshaft revolves, it has the impact of resetting the cannon  [7]  . When the piston starts at the top, it opens the intake valve and pushes the piston down to let the engine fill in air and gasoline, thereby making the intake stroke. Just the smallest drop of gasoline is mixed into the air for the intake stroke to take place. Next, the piston rotates back up in order to compress this fuel and air mixture. This compression stroke tends to make the explosion more powerful. When the piston reaches the peak of its stroke, a spark is produced by the spark plug for igniting the gasoline  [8]  . Then, the gasoline charge within the cylinder explodes, forcing the piston to move down. As soon as the piston reaches the bottom of its stroke, the exhaust valve is forced open and the exhaust eventually leaves the cylinder to exit from the tail pipe  [9]  . The engine is now ready to start the next cycle, hence it intakes yet another charge of gas and air. It can be noted that the movement coming out of an internal combustion engine is rotational, whereas the movement generated by a potato cannon is linear. This linear motion in an engine is translated into rotational motion by the crankshaft. Further, the rotational motion is appropriate since a car driver plans to turn or rotate the wheels of the car with it anyway. The force exerted from the expansion stroke travels through the axis of the rotor; it would not cause the rotor to rotate. But, it also passes via the centre of the eccentric portion of the main shaft and the resultant moment leads to the rotation of the shaft and as the rotor locks with the fixed pinion, it should also turn. The role of the shaft hence matches with that of the crankshaft within a reciprocating piston engine  [10]  . Perhaps, the design of the engine becomes complex that the aforesaid simplified description. Furthermore, efficient sealing arrangements taking place between the rotor and its housing are highly indispensible, with respect to the differential thermal expansion of the rotor and its housing. In addition, the construction of appropriate sealing systems was in use since the beginning period of petrol engines. These sealing systems or grids comprise of apex seals in order to keep the leakage of gas from one chamber to the other past the apices of the rotor, preferably attached to side seals in order to prevent any leaks from the side faces of the rotor and its end covers. However, experiences have indicated that apex seal lubrication is a complete loss system  [11]  . Earlier oil was added into the fuel but nowadays, it is more common to meter oil into the induction pipe with a separate pipe. Additionally, lubrication of the bearings, gears, and so on, of engine parts that have oil co oled rotors, is done using the oil circulating through the rotor. Engines that have charge cooled rotors contain the oil mist carried by the charge lubricate these parts  [12]  . Cylinder lies at the core of the engine, where the piston moves upwards and downwards in it. A four-stroke internal combustion engine consists of just one cylinder, which is typically used by most lawn mowers, but almost every car has more than one cylinder, commonly four, six and eight in number. An engine having multiple cylinders has its cylinders arranged in any of the three ways, namely inline, V or flat, as depicted in the diagram below. In an inline engine, the cylinders are arranged in a line in a single bank. Figure 2: Inline cylinders, where cylinders are arranged horizontally in a single line within a single bank In a V engine, cylinders are arranged in two banks set at an angle to one another. Figure 3: V shaped, where cylinder are placed in two banks set at a certain angle to each other In a flat engine, the cylinders are arranged in two banks on opposite sides of the engine. Figure 4: Flat shaped, where cylinders are placed within two banks set on opposite sides of the engine Different configurations are associated with different benefits and limitations in terms of manufacturing costs, smoothness, and shape features. Such advantages and disadvantages decide the appropriateness of the engine for specific vehicles. Internal combustion engines are comprised of a variety of parts, and every part holds its own location and function which may stimulate the functionality of other parts. The following section discusses the engine parts in detail:  [13]   Cylinder Block The Cylinder block is the bore of the cylinder where the fresh charge of air/fuel mixture is ignited, compressed by the piston and finally expanded to give the desired power to the piston. Cylinder Head Here, the inlet and the exhaust valve are carried. It admits the fresh charge of mixture through inlet valve and exhausts the burnet gas from the exhaust valve. A spark plug, in case of petrol engine and an injector for a diesel engine is mounted on cylinder head Spark plug The spark plug is responsible for supplying the spark for igniting the air-fuel mixture to enable the combustion to take place. The spark must occur at just the right instant of time for things to work accurately. Valves The intake and exhaust valves are opened at the perfect moment to let in air as well as fuel and to let out exhaust. It can be noted that both these valves are shut throughout compression and combustion so as to seal the combustion chamber  [14]  . Piston As aforesaid, the piston is a cylindrical metallic piece which moves up and down within the cylinder Piston Rings Piston rings offer a sliding closure between the external edge of piston and the internal edge of the cylinder. The piston rings have the following functions: The avoid leakage of the fuel-air mixture and the exhaust of the cylinder chamber, into the sump on compression and combustion processes Secondly, they also prevent the oil in the sump to leak out into the combustion area, in which it is burnt and lost  [15]  . Almost every car that burns oil and must need a quart added every 1,000 miles burn it since the engine is old enough and the rings do not seal anything properly  [16]   Connecting Rod The connecting rod acts as a connection between the piston and the crankshaft. Additionally, the rod can rotate at both ends so as to enable flexibility when its angle changes with the movement of the pistons and as the crankshaft rotates. Crankshaft The crankshaft converts the up and down motion of the piston into uniform circular motion similar to a crank in a jack-in-the-box does. Sump The sump is placed around the crankshaft and contains come quantity of oil that collects at the base of the sump. Carburettor The carburettor does the job of converting petrol in fine spray and mixing with air in proper ratio as demanded by the engine Fuel Injector The fuel injector is used only in diesel engines and gives out fuel in fine spray under pressure  [17]  . Manufacturing Processes: The aggregation of the design and manufacturing process is driven by implementations. These processes vary in detail in every manufacturing company. From the perspective of te turnkey industry, the following is the representation of that process: Conceptual Design: also termed as functional design or preliminary design, this process focuses not only on the aesthetic matters such as styling, but also on practical matters like simulation and industrial design to enable the overall manufacturing process. This stage involves an extensive use of paper and pencil, oils and brush, and sculptors clay as the primary tools of the conceptual designer in the automotive industry. Nowadays, modernized CAD/CAM systems offer the designer more and more powerful and robust tools which release him of the need to construct physical models and demonstrations. Companies such as Aries, Cognition, etc. have witnessed an opportunity to offer design engineers totally new and modern, computerized ways to look at the design engineering process, thereby providing methods and schemes which are way ahead of the conventional techniques and enable engineers to use much greater freedom of exercising their creativity  [18]  . In essence, photorealistic delivery output is gaining increasing popularity and is becoming a significant capability for conceptual design. In addition to allowing management to see the design as it would look after being manufactured, it also allows designers to try out different versions of the design without the need to have additional investments in effort and cost which conventional prototyping methods traditionally demand. Analysis and Refinement: A variety of high-level capabilities fall under this category. This technique is loosely termed as CAE, or just engineering,. Furthermore, processes like Finite Element Modelling and Analysis is effectively carried out as part of this engineering procedure. This stage of the refinement process that is purported to discuss a fundamental design to real-world limitations as well as to iterate on a given design until its behaviour is acceptable. Even in the constricted discipline of FEM and FEA, there exist several specialized disciplines. And these specialized can be fatigue analysis, and thermal, vibration and magnetic analysis. However, plastics, iso-plastics, as well as composites tend to make the analysis more complex. Indeed, the practice of finite-element analysis and modelling can be considered as one of the more practical applications upon which an existing design can be subjected; however there are a large number of others as well  [19]  . Additionally techniques or other disciplines of analysis such as interference analysis, mass properties, complying with safety and/or corporate regulations and standards, structure design and enforcement of local codes are all considered to be the requirements for a design to be satisfying, and typically, that design should successfully pass these analyses prior to being considered for construction or manufacturing. During the designing phase of an automobile, for instance, a primary issue which could hinder between the processes is the stress analysis, which is only related to major parts of the engine or body. More time-consuming and less cost-effective is the bio-technical design of windshields, panels of equipments and instrument, seats, and so on. A modern engine for water pump should not only be effective and generate a defined volume of water per minute; however, it must also be capable of fitting comfortably inside the various other components which constitute the engine. Design for Manufacture: This stage can also be termed as design modeling, and it another step in reality design. Usually, an alleged finished design is considered impractical to manufacture. Further, factors such as setup costs, coherency with current manufacturing techniques or excessive complexity can rule out the consideration of an otherwise good design, thereby causing that design to undergo significant modification. Essentially, a large number of applications are there which clearly satisfy this prerequisite. For instance, the lifetime of a stamping tool may tend to have a significant impact on the longer-term productivity of a segment that manufactures press parts; this prerequisite alone can have a great influence on its design. Furthermore, for the plastic injection process, a number of designs are immediately made infeasible because of their inability to be used for the realistic flow properties of the liquid plastic which is being injected within them at greater temperatures and pressures. Even a small difference of 5% in the injection process and cooling time for a complex mould is likely to a drastic difference among profitability and loss to an organization that functions with very little room to spare  [20]  . For any given practical availability of real machine equipments, pedestrian considerations including the planning and design of clamps for holding parts when they are being machined as well as machine-to-fit tolerances are accounted for make-or-break decisions for any manager or executive to make. And in addition to this area are component design, assembly verification, and mechanical and electronic design. Drafting and Documentation: In this world of AutoCAD, any efficient engine manufacturing process requires state-of-the-art documentation and drafting; however, this area depicts a relatively smaller portion of a mid-scale manufacturers CAD/CAM universe. Further, in-depth drafting is not a requirement more than one-third of the requirement. For this stage, technical demonstrations, schematics and diagrams, and layout are equally essential. Even before the days when geometrical models did not exist, in-depth drafting was used for representing the meat of any practical design. Because of the substantial limitations of existing design systems, most of the detail drafting might not appear across a geometric model. Consider the example of fillets and chamfers which can appear only as characteristics of models and can never be depicted as actual geometric models. If taken as a practical issue, it is relatively simpler to represent a fillet with the help of a symbol on a drawing, and then to removing a cut out by means of a single path from a ball-end mill, next is to go through the complex mathematics needed for representing it geometrically. And this is something known to and used by practical designers  [21]  . Several other aspects of the detail drafting process in engine manufacture is closely related to what we consider as drawing creation, and which has a primary purpose of aiding the final downstream machining process. Even though factors such as surface finish features, tolerance constraints, detail magnification, as well as other similar factors of detail drafting are not taken to be part of the geometrical model, yet they tend to become part of the entire depiction of the design by virtue of the accessibility offered to draftsmen, to the original model and the ability to work directly on a local presentation of it, although they are restricted to modify it. Therefore, draftsmen can be experts in drafting and drawing creation, without the need of being expert designers. Toolpath Creation Machining: This stage is also termed as manufacturing engineering, and it is one of the most complex and demanding processes. Framed equally with manufacturing preparation together with manufacturing simulation, most of the companies spend heavy budgetary amounts of their CAD/CAM budget. Further, manufacturing preparation involves design of tool, pattern nesting, designing of fixture, development of sheet metal, quality control analysis, as well as the actual NC programming itself  [22]  . Moreover, manufacturing simulation involves coordination of measuring machines, NC flame cutting, NC tube welding and bending, wire EDM, milling and drilling, off-line robotics, turning, and the most crucial portion of NC toolpath verification process. Although machining is essentially done directly off the model geometry, yet it cannot be considered as automatic by any means as per the demonstrations of it imply  [23]  . By most designers and industry experts, N/C is seen more of an art from rather than science; even old-fashioned schemes of creating machined parts have not been ignored. Construction of geometry is typically the simplest face of the N/C process. Because of the shortcoming witnessed in the algorithms provided by most vendors, work-arounds always have to be introduced, such as the power of the user to straight away edit the tool path that is being created. The main intention of Toolpath simulation is to let the user to have a look at the form of the completed portion which will emerge out of the machining process, and to directly correct any problems which are detected. Furthermore, the development and maintenance of postprocessors that convert geometric toolpath demonstrations into a language that can be understood by each machine tool, is an industry in itself. Installing the Rest of the Parts The various parts of engine are installed in the following way: Engines are made and installed at the manufacturers Engine shop. Castings of engine blocks, crankshafts as well as heads are obtained from suppliers and are machined into the vehicle with its exact specifications. More than 150 computer-controlled machines conduct precision cuts to such engine parts. In addition, a highly sophisticated test lab performs precision computer computations in order to ensure the machining procedure cuts and drills the metallic pieces to desired approximations. Once the machining and the precision measurement testing are done, the engine parts are placed across a conveyor system onto engine assembly at which team members go about detailing the procedure in order to assemble the pieces of the engine together  [24]  . In essence, all engines are initially cold-tested for determining any leaks, then, hot-tested by igniting the engine to make sure it adheres to the manufacturing specifications. The vehicle transmission is then married to the newly assemble d engine for completing the assembly process. Followed by final quality check, the engine is sent across on a trestle towards the chassis section where it is accompanied with the drive train and the remaining vehicle  [25]  . Firstly, the camshaft is installed followed by the accurate lining up of the timing marks. Then, the camshaft is forced up against the valves in order to force them open. Next, the rocker rods/arms and pushrods are installed. These pushrods and rocker arms will present the amount of torque specifications over the rocker arms, depending on the kind of engine. Further, the intake multiplier makes use of RTV across their gaskets in order to hold them firmly at their places. Lastly, the valve covers are laid across and the engine is placed within given the vehicle by means of bolts for protecting it into the engine compartment. Followed by this step, the remaining accessories are gradually installed, including the fuel injector, carburettor and the fuel pump  [26]  .

Searching For Independence In Dubliners :: Essays Papers

Searching For Independence In Dubliners James Joyce is the author of Dubliners, a compilation of Irish short stories that reflect on the feelings he associates with the city of Dublin, where he grew up in a large impoverished family. After he graduated from the University College, Dublin, Joyce went to live abroad in Paris, France. This action indicates a sense of entrapment that led to his desire to escape. The situations in his stories differ significantly, but each character within these stories experiences this sense of escape that Joyce had. In â€Å"An Encounter†, two boys make their first real move at being independent by skipping school to explore Dublin. In â€Å"Eveline†, the main character has a choice between taking care of her unstable father or leaving him to lead a new life with a man she has been seeing. In Joyce’s story, â€Å"The Dead,† a young man is thrown into deep human assessment, becomes unsure of who he is, and soon after is frightened of this newly discovered truth. The stories in Dubliners implicate this need for independence through characters in different situations and experiencing the feeling of entrapment. â€Å"An Encounter,† takes a unique approach in describing the need for escape through the viewpoint of a young boy. The story is written in first-person giving the reader an advantage in knowing the thoughts of the narrator. The narrator and his friend, Mahony, desire independence from their ordinary lives at home. They have read several stories about the Wild West that cause them to think about exploring the world outside of the one they already know. An incident that happens in school triggers the boys to finally make plans to skip school to go explore downtown Dublin. This is the major independent action taken on the part of the main characters and another boy, Leo Dillon. Obviously, school has become predictable and playing in the backyard is no longer satisfactory. The narrator describes school as a, â€Å"restraining influence,† and he, â€Å"began to hunger again for wild sensations, for the escape which those chronicles of disorder (storybooks about the west) alone seemed to offer me† (12). Parts of the story begin to demonstrate how the journey the boys have embarked on have awakened their senses. In the middle of the story, Mahony states it would be fun to board one of the large boats along the river, and set off to lands that they had only heard about in school.

Examine the overtones of Gothic horror in Edgar Allen Poe’s tale The Fall of the House of Usher Essay

The Gothic genre is an English genre that was most popular in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It is characterised by an atmosphere of mystery and terror. In order for a novel or poem to be considered as gothic, it must include some of the vital ingredients of the gothic genre. These characteristics include- the use of the supernatural (ghosts/spirits etc), use of dark and vast imagery, the theme of revenge (notably, the dead seeking justice), and a sense of foreboding (giving a hint of what’s to come later). â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†, by Edgar Allen Poe, can be described as a Gothic novel in that it demonstrates many gothic characteristics, specifically in terms of setting and character. In gothic novels, the setting of a haunted house or castle is often used. It is usually an old, dark and decaying castle plagued by a curse. The motif of a haunted house is used prominently in the â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†, and indeed the castle is the main setting of the story, and the centre of activity. From the start, we become aware of the dark and desolate nature of the house, as the unnamed narrator provides us with his first impressions. He informs us â€Å"I know not how it was: but, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit†. This immediately fills us with a sense of foreboding. We get the impression that all is not well in the House of Usher. In light of this, the use of descriptive setting in the gothic novel is a vital tool used to create a sense of mystery and tension. This is especially achieved through the frequent use of negative adjectives such as â€Å"dreary, â€Å"desolate†, â€Å"insufferable† and â€Å"decayed†. The use of foreboding is used frequently in the gothic novel. This involves providing the reader with subtle hints of what is going to happen. Many novels use descriptive settings to create this sense of doom. â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is no exception as the reader is bombarded with fateful images of the â€Å"crumbling condition of the individual stones†. This use of the word â€Å"crumbling†, prepares us for the houses and the family’s eventual fate the house’s name is Usher it makes it hard for the reader to recognise the two as different. So when the narrator describes the house as â€Å"crumbling† this is also refers to the state of the family. Because of this use of foreboding, the gothic novel is often criticised for its utterly predictable nature. Interestingly, the unnamed narrator describes the house (an inanimate object), as having lifelike attributes, for example he describes â€Å"the vacant eyelike windows†. This use of personification helps to create a monster-like impression. As a result, the readers already strong fear of the setting becomes stronger. We get the impression that the house itself will generate any terror that is to follow. Descriptions of the house’s interior used when the narrator ventures into the house for the first time describes many secret passageways â€Å"sombre tapestries† and the † Black oaken floor†. This frequent use of the colour black is also an obvious attribute to the gothic genre. Another favourite horror device of the gothic novel finds a person trapped, for example, being hidden away in a dark cell. This is evident in Poe’s tale as Madeline is buried alive in a coffin- this is the ultimate entrapment. When talking of the coffin in which lady Madeleine was entombed in they describe it as â€Å"small, damp and entirely without means of admission for light; lying at great depth†. This use of confinement helps to achieve an almost suffocating effect and is extremely effective in creating fear on the readers’ part. Now I am going to discuss Poe’s use of character in the tale, and examine how it adheres to the gothic genre. Characters in the gothic novel are often very strange and eccentric. This is evident throughout when the narrator describes Roderick’s â€Å"Mad hilarity in his eyes† when Madeleine breaks from her tomb and his intricate song of imaginary things he seems to be in his own world and distances himself from the narrator and therefore the reader. The unnamed narrator’s descriptions of Roderick and Madeline’s physical attributes also helps to create this sense of eccentricity, for example he describes Rodericks â€Å"peculiar physical conformation†. They are described as rather sickly looking creatures with â€Å"ghastly pallor of skin† and â€Å"unheeded hair†. This strangeness of character deems Roderick and Madeline alien to the reader. It is these little eccentricities that stops the reader relating to the characters, making them seem more distant. As a result of this Madeline and Roderick become scary to the reader because as human beings we are instinctively scared of what we do not understand. The setting seems almost cursed with a depression that affects the unnamed narrator as it already has Roderick and Madeleine. The narrator’s whole personality is affected at just the sight of the house â€Å"An air of stern, deep, and irredeemable gloom hung over and pervaded all†. The characters all share the feeling of desolate loneliness even when they are all together this implies the house alters the relationship of the characters. The loneliness is symbolised by the size of the house its vastness is a metaphor for the emotional distance between the characters. DOPPELGANGER In terms of character, the relationship between Roderick and Madeline is highly important. They can be considered as doubles that is a frequent symbol of the gothic or horror novel and film. I argue that Poe was using Madeleine to represent the evil in Roderick this is what causes Roderick to bury her trying to suppress the evil in him, however he is unsuccessful as she breaks through the coffin, this shows that we cannot suppress evil inside us. This itself is a horrific idea. I am now going to examine the use of the double in the story. How are Madeline and Roderick usher similar? There are many examples- for example-As Roderick and Madeline are identical twins they obviously look very alike, they both suffer severe illnesses which affect there daily lives making them house bound this is interesting as they are spending so much time in the house the houses curse seems to affect them greatly even leading to their eventual death! The fact that lady Madeline and Roderick die at the same time could be caused by the fact the people believe that twins can feel what the other is feeling be that mentally or psychically. But there are many examples of them being opposites Roderick is male and Madeline is female she is strong he’s weak this is interesting as it contradicts my original theory. REMEMBER QUOTES. In conclusion to Edgar Allen Poe’s use of the typical traits of the gothic genre is rather obviously used in the fall of the house of usher. These overtones seem to add a sense of the unknown to the novel although gothic or horror novels are known for their predictability it is used effectively making the reader feel isolated from Roderick and Madeleine and closer to the narrator this is interesting as the reader actually knows more about the usher family than the narrator which usually causes the reader to support the person they know more about.

Analyze Individual And Societal Influences

Analyze individual and societal influences that lead to deviance from dominant group norms. People who become part of a group or are members of that group share similar characteristics of the same nature. â€Å"When there is proof of the uniqueness of a team, such person is believed to have an effect of black sheep, as he refused guidelines of the group and left the group. Individuals who are member of the group experience have more trouble with party members rather than out-group members.† (Fiske, 2010)Differences happen when an individual of a group understands and sees the implications of having a reward for his or her behavior. Difference happens when individuals understand and see the cost implications to reward their behavior. This behavior, deviance, is considered distracting and bad influence. It is considered negative when associated with criminals and addicts. People who deviate, are able to develop a sense of self-identity and truly are aware of the decision they ar e making.â€Å"Anomaly occurs because people develop an identity sense or self-understanding, which becomes their personal life standard,† however many of these people from the group become â€Å"anomaly learned contra conventional ways or objectives and attitudes of support in their early socialization. â€Å" An individual is prepared for deviance with this type of learning and social behavior that prepares for elimination of conservative norms and legitimacy from the group.The process of deviance happens with normal learning processes and with different theories of association, attitude learning, motivation values and knowledge to a degree that all of these becomes part of his identity and makes him or her strong enough for commitment. The learning process and the socialization help the individual change a very straight forward experience eliminating all conservative standards to neutral place, eliminating the guilt, underlying important personal characteristics.Also, de viation of a group is possible for having individuals who have inspirational behavior but no chance of becoming a leader in the group. There are standards that are required as key element to eliminate tendency of the group going for deviance. The most important factor of preventing deviance within the group is communication of feelings. â€Å"If members of a group are participants who are active, who know they have a potential in the group, who are well known of their skills or position in the group, which is less likely to deviate from the group.

River Rouge essays

River Rouge essays River Day is a celebration of the rivers in the southeast Michigan region. The heart of River Day for Friends of the Rouge (FOTR) is Rouge Rescue your chance for hands-on involvement in the restoration and protection of the Rouge River.Since 1986, thousands of volunteers have come to the river on the first Saturday in June. They come from area businesses, local governments, school groups, service organizations, churches, homeowner groups and concerned citizens. They are all people like you who want to make a difference and contribute to the quality of life in their communities. Work sites may be along small streams or main branches of the Rouge Volunteers spend their time removing debris from the river and its flood plain. A major effort involves removing, or simply moving, logs that are jamming the river and causing flooding or erosion. Many sites no longer remove all the trees and branches that fall into the river. They are using the woody debris, instead, to help reduce streambank erosion, slow down the flow of the river after storms, and create wildlife habitat. In recent years, the FOTR "annual spring clean-up" has turned its local focus outward. We have teamed up with other watersheds throughout southeast Michigan to create the River Day Partnership. The Huron, Clinton, Detroit River, Shiawassee River Headwaters, St. Clair River and the Little River in Ontario join together on the first Saturday in June for clean-ups, nature hikes, canoe trips, and other river-related activities on River Day.If you are interested in participating in the annual Rouge Rescue clean-up extravaganza, or any of the other River Day activities, please contact Friends of the Rouge and we will guide you to your local River Day Coordinator. Storm water is water that flows along the ground and pavement when it rains or when snow and ice melt. The water seeps into the ground or drains into what we call storm sewers. Storm drains are often covered b...

College Essay Topic #3 7 Essay Tips for Writing a College Application Essay About a Famous Person

College Essay Topic #3 7 Essay Tips for Writing a College Application Essay About a Famous Person Writing a college admissions essay about a famous person is similar to writing about your grandmother, it’s tricky to write about a famous person.   You risk writing a short academic paper rather than a true personal statement. Here are 7 tips for keeping your essay about a famous person interesting (note: the first two tips are very similar to the tips for writing about your grandmother!): 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Focus on you, not on the famous person.   Write your thoughts and opinions about the person. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If you find you have written more than one sentence in a row that is all about the famous person instead of about you, add the word â€Å"I† or â€Å"me† to at least one of the sentences! 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Do NOT copy information from the internet about the person and put it in your essay.   It will be crystal clear to the admissions committee that you did not write that part of the essay, and it is extremely easy to copy and paste text and put it into Google.   If anything pops up in the results containing that text, you will NOT get into college. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Think about the first time you heard about the famous person, saw the person on television, read a book by the person, or saw the person’s artwork.   What were your thoughts in that moment?   How did the person, book or artwork affect you? 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What happened next?   Did you go research more about the person?   Did you start reading every book by the person?   Did your friends and family start giving you books about the person or his or her work? Tell the story as it progressed of what you learned about the person, and about what kept you interested. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Talk about how your understanding of the person’s influence or work changed over time.   As you matured, did you start to gain a deeper understanding or see things from a different perspective?   Share the details of this process. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tell us how this person or work has had an impact on your life.   How are you different because of your contact with and knowledge of this person? As you can see, writing about a famous person can actually be very personal.   The personal side is what will keep the attention of the admissions committee members.   Remember, they are just as capable as you are of using Google and Wikipedia to find out about a famous persons life.   What they want to read about is your unique experience. For examples of successful college essays, The Essay Expert recommends Accepted!   50 Successful College Admissions Essays by Gen and Kelly Tanabe. Still not sure how to write a great college application essay about your sport?   Contact The Essay Expert for a FREE 15 minute consultation.

King Richard I, the Lionheart, of England, Crusader

King Richard I, the Lionheart, of England, Crusader King Richard I, the Lionheart (September 8, 1157–April 6, 1199) was an English king and one of the leaders of the Third Crusade. He is known both for his military skill and the neglect of his realm because of his long absence. Fast Facts: Richard I the Lionheart Known For:  Helped lead the Third Crusade, monarch of England from 1189 to 1199Also Known As:  Richard CÅ“ur de Lion, Richard the Lionheart, Richard I of EnglandBorn:  September 8, 1157 in Oxford, EnglandParents: King Henry II of England and Eleanor of AquitaineDied:  April 6, 1199 in Chà ¢lus,  Duchy of AquitaineSpouse: Berengaria of NavarreNotable Quote: We, however, place the love of God and His honour above our own and above the acquisition of many regions. Early Life Born September 8, 1157, Richard the Lionheart was the third legitimate son of King Henry II of England. Often believed to have been the favorite son of his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Richard had three older siblings, William (who died in infancy), Henry, and Matilda, as well as four younger: Geoffrey, Lenora, Joan, and John. As with many English rulers of the Plantagenet line, Richard was essentially French and his focus tended to lean toward the familys lands in France rather than England. Following the separation of his parents in 1167, Richard was invested duchy of Aquitaine. Revolt Against Henry II Well-educated and of dashing appearance, Richard quickly demonstrated skill in military matters and worked to enforce his fathers rule in the French lands. In 1174, encouraged by their mother, Richard and his brothers Henry (the Young King) and Geoffrey (Duke of Brittany) rebelled against their fathers rule. Responding quickly, Henry II was able to crush this revolt and captured Eleanor. With his brothers defeated, Richard submitted to his fathers will and asked for forgiveness. His greater ambitions checked, Richard turned his focus to maintaining his rule over Aquitaine and controlling his nobles. Shifting Alliances Ruling with an iron fist, Richard was forced to put down major revolts in 1179 and 1181–1182. During this time, tensions again rose between Richard and his father when the latter demanded that his son pay homage to his older brother Henry. Refusing, Richard was soon attacked by Henry the Young King and Geoffrey in 1183. Confronted by this invasion and a revolt of his own barons, Richard was able to skillfully turn back these attacks. Following the death of Henry the Young King in June 1183, Richards father King Henry II ordered John to continue the campaign. Seeking aid, Richard formed an alliance with King Philip II of France in 1187. In return for Philips assistance, Richard ceded his rights to Normandy and Anjou. That summer, upon hearing of the Christian defeat at the Battle of Hattin, Richard took the cross at Tours with other members of the French nobility. Victory and Becoming King In 1189, Richard and Philips forces united against Henry II and won a victory at Ballans in July. Meeting with Richard, Henry agreed to name him as his heir. Two days later, Henry died and Richard ascended to the English throne. He was crowned at Westminster Abbey in September 1189. Following his coronation, a rash of anti-Semitic violence swept through the country as Jews had been barred from the ceremony. Punishing the perpetrators, Richard immediately began making plans to go on a crusade to the Holy Land. Going to extremes to raise money for the army, he finally was able to assemble a force of around 8,000 men. After making preparations for the protection of his realm in his absence, Richard and his army departed in the summer of 1190. Dubbed the Third Crusade, Richard planned to campaign in conjunction with Philip II and Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa of the Holy Roman Empire. The Crusade Begins Rendezvousing with Philip at Sicily, Richard aided in settling a succession dispute on the island, which involved his sister Joan, and conducted a brief campaign against Messina. During this time, he proclaimed his nephew, Arthur of Brittany, to be his heir, leading his brother John to start planning a revolt at home. Moving on, Richard landed in Cyprus to rescue his mother and his future bride, Berengaria of Navarre. Defeating the islands despot, Isaac Komnenos, he completed his conquest and married Berengaria on May 12, 1191. Pressing on, he landed in the Holy Land at Acre on June 8. Shifting Alliances in the Holy Land Arriving in the Holy Land, Richard gave his support to Guy of Lusignan, who was fighting a challenge from Conrad of Montferrat for the kingship of Jerusalem. Conrad was in turn backed by Philip and Duke Leopold V of Austria. Putting aside their differences, the Crusaders captured Acre that summer. After taking the city, problems again arose as Richard contested Leopolds place in the Crusade. Though not a king, Leopold had ascended to the command of Imperial forces in the Holy Land after the death of Frederick Barbarossa in 1190. After Richards men pulled down Leopolds banner at Acre, the Austrian departed and returned home in anger. Soon after, Richard and Philip began arguing in regard to the status of Cyprus and the kingship of Jerusalem. In poor health, Philip elected to return to France leaving Richard without allies to face Saladins Muslim forces. Battling Saladin Pushing south, Richard defeated Saladin at Arsuf on September 7, 1191, and then attempted to open peace negotiations. Initially rebuffed by Saladin, Richard spent the early months of 1192 refortifying Ascalon. As the year wore on, both Richard and Saladins positions began to weaken and the two men entered into negotiations. Knowing that he could not hold Jerusalem if he took it and that John and Philip were plotting against him at home, Richard agreed to raze walls at Ascalon in exchange for a three-year truce and Christian access to Jerusalem. After the agreement was signed on September 2, 1192, Richard departed for home. Returning to England Shipwrecked en route to England, Richard was forced to travel overland and was captured by Leopold in December. Imprisoned first in Dà ¼rnstein and then at Trifels Castle in the Palatinate, Richard was largely kept in comfortable captivity. For his release, the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI demanded 150,000 marks. While Eleanor of Aquitaine worked to raise the money for his release, John and Philip offered Henry VI 80,000 marks to hold Richard until at least Michaelmas 1194. Refusing, the emperor accepted the ransom and released Richard on February 4, 1194. Returning to England, Richard quickly forced John to submit to his will but did name his brother as his heir, supplanting his nephew Arthur. With the situation in England in hand, Richard returned to France to deal with Philip. Death Constructing an alliance against his former friend, Richard won several victories over the French during the next five years. In March 1199, Richard laid siege to the small castle of Chalus-Chabrol. On the night of March 25, while walking along the siege lines, he was struck in the left shoulder by an arrow. Unable to remove it himself, he summoned a surgeon who took out the arrow but severely worsened the wound in the process. Shortly thereafter, gangrene set in and the king died in his mothers arms on April 6, 1199. Legacy Richard has a mixed legacy, as some historians point to his military skill and the daring necessary to go on crusade, while others emphasize his cruelty and neglect for his realm. Though king for 10 years, he only spent around six months in England and the remainder of his reign in his French lands or abroad. He was succeeded by his brother John. Sources Dafoe, Stephen. â€Å"King Richard I – The Lionheart.†Ã‚  TemplarHistory.com.â€Å"History - King Richard I.†Ã‚  BBC, BBC.â€Å"Medieval Sourcebook: Itinerarium Peregrinorum Et Gesta Regis Ricardi: Richard the Lionheart Makes Peace with Saladin, 1192.†Ã‚  Internet History Sourcebooks Project.

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Personal Statement Example Currently, I work as an administrative assistant at a non-profit organization. Despite the challenges I face bringing up my three children, I have excelled at my place of work. This opportunity has enabled me learn management operations of a non-profit organization through handling of communications for the management. I have also acquired skills on other business operations that ensure an organization’s success, including record keeping, book keeping and general office operations. In line with my careers goals, I now seek to rise to management level in a public organization. Pursuing Master of Public Administration would equip me with the necessary skills in management and operations, law and human resources management. John Jay College is my best choice because it would provide me with education in liberal arts and criminal justice, in addition to professional studies. This, according to John Jay College of Criminal Justice (n.d.), enables its students to transform ideas into leadership and social action. Additionally, the location of the college within the locality of my birth makes adaptation to the learning environment

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 27

Education - Essay Example The first reason why America is the best place to get high education is that there are many universities across the United States that offer quality education to a vast number of students. They spread out to many regions and offer all types of courses that the student can choose from depending on their abilities and interests. Some of the top universities in the world are found in America such as Harvard, Yale, and Oxford Universities. This offers a platform for bright students from all over the world to interact and acquire knowledge of great value from each other. As a result, the students have a chance to choose from the many universities at their disposal. These many universities ensure that every student has the opportunity to further their studies and become the profession of their choice. Depending on their preference and determination, they can enter any type of university they want so that they can learn and be able to practice in their areas of expertise. They get to share ideas and learn from the fellow students who also specialize in the same course. The second reason is that the Universities in America have many facilities that the students can use. These include laboratories, libraries and sports fields, which are available to all students who need to use them. The students are taught in these facilities and at their own time utilize them to advance their learning. They have a chance to perform research, make discoveries, and prove theories that they have been learning about. They also have qualified teachers from whom they can ask questions, confirm answers, and ensure they get high-quality education. These results from the students show that they are able to learn different skills besides what they study in the classroom. The research done in the libraries and laboratories improves the ability of the students to be creative and innovative.

Chinese Indonesian People Discrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chinese Indonesian People Discrimination - Essay Example As a 6-year-old girl, I remember feeling helpless as I saw my parents shaking when the mob was in the vicinity of our house. They tried to keep a watch on the movements of the mob through the radio and television fearing something would happen to our family if we did not keep a close vigil, while I sat dumbfounded, not knowing what to do and how to react. The most we could do was just sit and wait till the mob calmed down and stopped indulging in the kind of heinous activities that they were. Despite this entire situation, the reason behind the action was unclear because even though some said that it was because of genocide toward Chinese Indonesian who monopolized the economy in Indonesia, but no one knows the actual truth. However, fourteen years have passed since that nightmare, but discrimination is still a big problem in Indonesia. Even though the state is not as anarchist in nature, the hatred between these two ethnicities is still visible. They tend to make misconceptions about each other beforethey really look at each individual. This bad habit can be seen in almost all walks o life including both politics and education; discrimination is very deep rooted in Indonesia. Dealing with this kind of hatred becomes extremely difficult because people are not willing to live with one another and adjust to the other’s needs. Today, people need to understand that whatever war had to take place in the past is over for a reason that the struggle does not take place again in the present. Discrimination on the basis of an ethnic group is a very saddening thing that forces the minority to live in a powerless bubble.

Search warrents Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Search warrents - Research Paper Example However, the warrant need not specify the manner in which the search shall be conducted. The law indicates vital processes and investigation methods which the officer must have at the back of his or her mind if a successful criminal investigation is needed. The officer must obtain clear definitional issues along with the identification and evaluation of the types and sources of information required in criminal investigations (Rotenberg, 2002). The criminal justice processes in the real sense do vary from state to state. However, the general rules and procedures for criminal justice develop in the following stages: Investigation: A person, for instance, who has seen contraband products ferried across the borders and kept in a specific building, may call law enforcement officers in order to report the crime. An investigation shall therefore be launched based on the witness’s complaint. Search warrant: If the investigating officers believe that there is evidence based on the witn ess’s claim, they may try to obtain a search warrant from the court allowing them to search the premises. The presiding judge shall review the information submitted by the police officer in the affidavit whether there is probable cause to support it (Rotenberg, 2002). ... If an officer has a probable cause to believe that the person in question has committed a crime, even if the crime was not committed in his or her presence, the officer may arrest the suspect. Indictment: Officers may decide to file criminal charges either before or immediately after arresting the suspect. In most cases, the criminal justice process will start by filling a complaint or information, and then followed by a rand jury proceedings resulting in an indictment or a preliminary hearing (Rotenberg, 2002). Arraignment: This is usually the presentation of the charges in an open court. This proceeding may be called preliminary hearing but depending on the state in question. During this time, the charges are read to the accused person by the judge and asked either to plead guilty or not guilty. Mostly, the accused lawyer may be present, or the lawyer appointed by the court to represent the defendant. The accused person often is asked to present a security called bail. Bail is put forth just to ensure that the accused person shows up for further criminal proceedings, which might include trial and sentence (Pitowsky, 2002). Mostly the bail is in the monetary nature, and can either be paid in cash, in the form of bail bond or as a pledge of property if at all the court allows this form of security. Requirement of a search warrant in United Kingdoms and USA Requirements of search warrant normally differ depending on the state. Take United Kingdom for example, search warrants are issued by the local magistrate and requires a constable to provide an evidence to support the warrant application. In many cases where the police officer has already held an accused in custody, searches of the premises can be made without warrant

Caribbean Guesthouse Business Plan Research Paper - 1

Caribbean Guesthouse Business Plan - Research Paper Example While there are a number of such homes offering such services our home stands out with difference of being located along the river banks. â€Å"Its marketing strategy will seek to find out ways in which quality of services can be improved within the home in order to attract more tourists.† (Davidson, 2005) It will seek to market the services one is likely to enjoy while at the home and how available the services are to the individuals. The intention is to also convince the consumers that the moment they step in the home they will leave the place satisfied and happy. The staff will be responsible for managing the affairs of the home with the support from the subordinate staff. As a start we will have a staff of 30 people. The size of the market area will be determined by amount of profit made from the investments. Advertisement for the home will be made through the newspapers, television and radio. Based on the demands by the tourism for accommodation, we expect that as a home we will be able to meet the sales projections of up to $400,000 and that the salary of the workers will be determined depending on the amount of profit that will be incurred. Currently, we have completed a six bed room home that is self financed and we expect to get more finances from those who obtain accommodation from the home. From the market research carried out we discovered that most of the profits were made during the festive seasons when families visited the Caribbean and we found that to be an opportunity for us to expand on our services and better them. The Industry The players in the industry are expected to be the tourists who come in from other countries. More and more people are considering leisure activities as one way of trying to avoid straining an idea that makes them want to visit and learn more about other countries. With the increase for the demand in accommodation and good food our home has to cooperate with other industries like those involved in food producti on. Through such cooperation the industry has been able to receive an increase in number of tourism. The director of marketing has noted that currently, people are interested in homes that make them comfortable and at the same time are able to provide a home feeling for them. â€Å"The home industry is very competitive, a challenge that leaves workers to be hardworking in ensuring that they deliver the best to clients and this includes not only services from the home but workers† (Davidson, 2005). To ensure this the staff will be expected to specialize more in their area of expertise in order to offer the best services. With time areas of expertise will become more narrow and interdependent to the extent that they will be able to come up with innovations that foresee advancement in their services. It should be clear that there is likely to be the non local competitors who might be dealing inn the same services. Strategies on how to overcome the barriers of competition is a ke y factor here. The home will seek to strengthen its mode of advertisement such that it is able to reach a wide range of people. The advertisement will take place after a clear investigation on the mechanisms undertaken by the other homes that makes them to remain at the top despite the competition. Marketing Plan This will range from the prices for the commodities to the rates charged for the accommodation. â€Å"

Software Lifecycle Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Software Lifecycle - Research Paper Example The nature of the desired system in terms of system user requirements and its complexity will determine the choice of the SDLC model to be adopted. Generally, the success of system development is more dependent on how closely the plan and steps in the chosen model are followed (Alan, Edward, & Edward, 1988). For this scenario, the most suitable model for developing the system is the Spiral model. The spiral model of software development life cycle is one of the models that have been designed to improve the software development life cycle. After several years of research and development, spiral model offers a greater risk –driven approach of system development process as compared to the other models that are more document driven or code driven (Barry, 1988). The choice for this approach is based on the nature of the project; the project is described as being volatile and dynamic. It is also prone to the exit of the development team members and incoming of new staff to help in the development of the system. Essentially, the project faces a lot of risks during its development cycle and also requires integration to a more complex system upon completion. Consequently, a risk oriented approach is ideally the best model to be used in the project. Spiral model is a risk oriented approach that has been designed to incorporate the risk analysis aspect of the project. It is also one of the best approaches since it has been designed to incorporate many of the strengths of the other SDLC models and eliminate their weaknesses (Alan, Edward, & Edward, 1988). The spiral model has advantages that are unique to its approach of system development. It has a high amount of risk analysis compared to other models. The model is also ideal for projects that are complex in nature and are mission critical. The software is also produced at the early stages of the software lifecycle (Barry, 1988). The spiral model carries more similarities to the incremental model,

Caribbean Guesthouse Business Plan Research Paper - 1

Caribbean Guesthouse Business Plan - Research Paper Example While there are a number of such homes offering such services our home stands out with difference of being located along the river banks. â€Å"Its marketing strategy will seek to find out ways in which quality of services can be improved within the home in order to attract more tourists.† (Davidson, 2005) It will seek to market the services one is likely to enjoy while at the home and how available the services are to the individuals. The intention is to also convince the consumers that the moment they step in the home they will leave the place satisfied and happy. The staff will be responsible for managing the affairs of the home with the support from the subordinate staff. As a start we will have a staff of 30 people. The size of the market area will be determined by amount of profit made from the investments. Advertisement for the home will be made through the newspapers, television and radio. Based on the demands by the tourism for accommodation, we expect that as a home we will be able to meet the sales projections of up to $400,000 and that the salary of the workers will be determined depending on the amount of profit that will be incurred. Currently, we have completed a six bed room home that is self financed and we expect to get more finances from those who obtain accommodation from the home. From the market research carried out we discovered that most of the profits were made during the festive seasons when families visited the Caribbean and we found that to be an opportunity for us to expand on our services and better them. The Industry The players in the industry are expected to be the tourists who come in from other countries. More and more people are considering leisure activities as one way of trying to avoid straining an idea that makes them want to visit and learn more about other countries. With the increase for the demand in accommodation and good food our home has to cooperate with other industries like those involved in food producti on. Through such cooperation the industry has been able to receive an increase in number of tourism. The director of marketing has noted that currently, people are interested in homes that make them comfortable and at the same time are able to provide a home feeling for them. â€Å"The home industry is very competitive, a challenge that leaves workers to be hardworking in ensuring that they deliver the best to clients and this includes not only services from the home but workers† (Davidson, 2005). To ensure this the staff will be expected to specialize more in their area of expertise in order to offer the best services. With time areas of expertise will become more narrow and interdependent to the extent that they will be able to come up with innovations that foresee advancement in their services. It should be clear that there is likely to be the non local competitors who might be dealing inn the same services. Strategies on how to overcome the barriers of competition is a ke y factor here. The home will seek to strengthen its mode of advertisement such that it is able to reach a wide range of people. The advertisement will take place after a clear investigation on the mechanisms undertaken by the other homes that makes them to remain at the top despite the competition. Marketing Plan This will range from the prices for the commodities to the rates charged for the accommodation. â€Å"

The Modern Prometheus Essay Example for Free

The Modern Prometheus Essay Frankenstein, costing just over $30 million dollars needed to re coup the costs. Therefore changes had to be made; such as the plot, character or action. The director had to edit and cut scenes to make it fit into the one hour and 40 minute time slot. The scenes had to be carefully put together to create a particular style and to create a certain effect. The director edited the scene where the daemon was being created. In this scene there was huge sets, dramatic music and a lot of hand-held camera work and many effective camera angles to capture the enormity of the laboratory. Many images were cut closely together to build up tension and suspense. This was a set piece designed for a modern audience. It is a very visual climax; where as in the book the creation of the monster is shown by, I became myself capable of bestowing animation upon lifeless matter. As a film is intense for a long time and when read a book you graze and they are much more complex; the director has to make it appealing and want to make you watch on. Often commercial pressures mean that the film is not a true or faithful adaptation of the novel. The film Frankenstein is lavish, sumptuous and has high production values. It is full of action sequences and set pieces. Frankenstein is a horror film and its purpose is to scare the audience. But the film cannot be all blood and gore of it would be given an 18 certificate, which would mean that not as many people could see it. Films are censored so that we can restrict groups of society from seeing them. But it is far more difficult to restrict people from reading published novels. In literature authors can truly express themselves. The film s a serious adaptation of the novel and there is an attempt to recreate authentically the period in which the novel is set. There is great care over detail such as costume, sets and props. The first half of the film sets about establishing the relationships, especially between Elizabeth and Victor, this way; if anything happens to them it would have a greater impact on us. It is hard to make a film and still stay faithful to the novel. When reading a novel, the reader has to use his or her imagination to what the characters look like and the background. But in a film it is laid out for you to take in. Because of this most people prefer to read the book rather than watch the film. When the director came to make Frankenstein he had to make a careful decisions about Victors mothers death. In the novel she dies peacefully in her sleep of Scarlet fever, but this had to be changed to fit the film. In the end the director made it, that his mother dies whilst giving birth to his brother. It is very dramatic and looks painful. The stains of blood on the white gown and the birthing chair made the scene very horrific and much more gripping. It also gave Victor and incentive to go and create life and rid the world of disease. The biggest dilemma for the director is to know what scenes to keep and which to change. The directors job is very demanding. The director is the person with ultimate responsibility for everything that takes place on a film set, from the technical aspects up to the movements of the actors. Many directors make a contractual obligation that the released film is their cut. However many directors come under great pressure from the producers to make compromises for commercial reasons. The producers make suggestions in what happens but it is the directors who have the final say in how the film is put together to create a certain effect. The producers represent those who have given financial backing to the film. They can have significant influence on how the film develops. They want to make a high grossing film, with high ratings to bring in the money. The whole project has to be some kind of compromise. The director will highlight the main elements of the novel and remain faithful to those. The rest of the film will be subject to dramatic licence. The film Frankenstein tries very hard to stay to the book. It shows the essence of the novel. The film employs a technique of voice-over briefly at key points within the narrative and this helps to summarise a characters actions, thoughts and motivations. A voice-over can help to cover significant sections of the novel in a short time, as the story is very long and complex. Amy Barrett Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Key Economic Theories Of Price Fixing Economics Essay

Key Economic Theories Of Price Fixing Economics Essay 2A. Features of an oligopoly and key economic theories of price fixing : Introduction : This part of the coursework aims to identify the key features of oligopolistic competition in market and the economic theories related to price fixing. In monopoly one company controls the major market share while in oligopoly; market is controlled by more than one firm or a group of small firms. This analysis describes the features of oligopoly and kinked demand curve in oligopolistic situation. It also explains the pricing theories in context with game theory and Nash Equilibrium. Oligopoly : In oligopoly, large percentage of market is captured by leading firms, producing same product or services. Such firms agree to cooperate and act as single monopoly thus making a cartel to generate maximum profits. Key features of oligopoly are: Same product or service by the group of dominated firms. Branded product by each firm. Entry barriers. Interdependence among the firms. Non-price competition. Small firms may exist in oligopoly but the market is usually controlled by large players having more than half of the industry output. Each firm produces branded product, therefore creating high competition resulting in high marketing and advertising costs. Entry barriers such as government regulations, patents, setup cost and undivided resource ownership, restricts a new entrant to enter the oligopolistic market. Interdependence means that each firm must take into account the likely reactions of other firms in the market when making pricing and investment decisions (Begg Ward). Such an uncertainty in market can be resolved by the use of game theory which is applied by a firm taking account of the decisions made by the rival firm. Non-price competition among the oligopolistic firms, aim at increasing their market share significantly e.g. media advertising, promotional offers and discounts, use of technology, customer friendly services such as self scanning machines and customer loyalty benefits etc. Kinked demand curve theory According to Paul Sweezys assumptions, if an oligopolistic raises its price, the rivals are unlikely to follow the same suit because keeping the prices constant will increase their market share. Revenue of the firm that raised its price will fall by fairly large amount, making the demand curve relatively elastic. However if the firm reduces the prices, it is highly likely that the competitors will also reduce the prices. Source: Tutor2u Limited,2010 This non-collusive theory explains the stability once the price is set but fails to explain how the stable price is achieved. In oligopolistic situation; each company has an option either to start a price war with the rival or to cooperate. Game theory deals with the prediction of probable outcomes of the games of strategy in which rivals have incomplete information about others intensions e.g. Prisoners dilemma is a situation in which two suspects are interrogated in separate rooms, depicts an example of game theory. Each suspect has simple options either confesses and bears the consequences or denies and hopes the other has also done the same. To explain which strategy the firms will adopt can be explained by Nash equilibrium, in which each firm considers its rivals response before taking their own strategy.(Begg Ward,p.131) Equilibrium occurs when each player takes the best possible action for themselves given the action of the other player. Nash equilibrium is a situation in which none of the firms could improve pay-off, given the rivals strategies e.g. firm A would not be able to improve profits , given firm Bs strategy and vice versa. Each firm may indulge in high or low price strategies. If both firms collude to adopt high price strategy, both would yield above normal profits and if both adopt low price strategies, both would yield normal profits. Suppose in long run, each firm fails to trust the rival and indulge in low price strategy to increase its profits and the rival adheres to the high price than the rival may face heavy loss. Such a fear that the rival may adopt a damaging strategy exists within the firms and it is therefore in the interest of both the firms to adopt a low price strategy. Such a situation is called Maximin strategy where the player adopting the strategy yields maximum profits, assuming that the rival may inflict maximum damage. At times a group of oligopolists engage in an overt agreement to fix the prices and the level of production. Such an overt collusion, in order to act as a monopolist, is called collusive oligopoly and aims to earn maximum profits by restricting the production and increasing the prices. Price changes of one firm are sometimes matched by the other firm and the firm initiating the price change is called price leader; such collusion is called as tacit collusion. Rectangle abcd depicts the cartels profits. Cartels are likely to break in long run as the members are intended to cheat sometime or the other by increasing production. By producing more output than decided, the member can increase its share from cartels profit. If each member cheats than cartel ends up in earning monopoly profits and thereby leaving no reason for the firm to remain in the cartel. Conclusion Interdependence is the key feature of oligopolistic market. The outcome of any strategy by a firm is uncertain and the price competition may lead to price-war. Entry barriers help the dominant firms to maintain their control over the market. Formation of cartels may yield short term gains but are hazardous in long run. It is also observed that non-price competition may benefit oligopolists to increase market share and sustain in long term. 2B.Extent to which telecom sector in India is an oligopoly and price determination strategy Introduction Indian Telecommunication industry is the second largest and fastest telecom industry in the world with around 706.37 Million telephone (landline and mobile) subscribers and 670.60 Million mobile phone connections as of Aug2010.Dominance of few major players has made this sector perfect case of Oligopoly in India. Due to the presence of limited number of players, each player is aware of the rivals actions and therefore the decisions of one firm is affected by the action of the other firm. Service Provider wise Market Share as on 31-7-2010 Source: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Concentration Ratio Players Market Share(%) Bharti (Airtel) 21.34 Reliance 17.37 Vodafone 17.08 Tata 11.47 Concentration Ratio 67.26 Table above shows that four firm concentration ratio is above 40% Barriers to entry in Telecom The high entry barriers in telecom sector as mentioned below turns the market oligopolistic in nature. High capital investment required by the new entrant for initial setup competition with well established operators Airtel, Vodafone, Reliance and Tata license fee on revenue sharing basis plus one time entry fee continuously emerging technology e.g. VOIP,3G lowest tariffs in the world acquiring spectrum high initial operating losses. Lower rates makes it longer for the new entrant to achieve equilibrium as most new subscribers churn from one network to another. Low Tariffs: Facet of Competition Indian telecommunications is the lowest cost market in the world. The cut throat competition among operators has left no scope of having single price leader in market as all the operators compete for lower prices and high customer base. Increased number of players has resulted in increased price wars among the competitors, with consumer being the beneficiary. Such factors declines the profit margins which are expected to consolidate the industry. Offset of price wars In mid nineties, at the start of cellular services in India, operators used to charge heavily for the incoming calls on their network. After the launch of BSNLs free incoming call facility, other operators followed the same suit. Still the major chunk of customer remained with BSNL due to its low call rates and better network coverage. With the launch of Reliance Communications as a new telecom giant, teledensity in India raised enormously to 8.2% in 2004 from that of 2.32% in 1999 and to 54.10% in April 2010 (as per TRAI).Introduction of low cost cellular services, along with handset, made Reliance the price leader in telecom industry attracting a huge chunk of customer base. Other leading service providers like Airtel, Vodafone and Hutch had to match their prices with that of Reliance. To monitor and regulate the irregularities in tariffs charged by telecom operators, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India was formed by the government of India. The Telecommunication Tariff Order 1999 started declining tariffs and influenced the rapid growth of cellular phone users. TRAI is also responsible to monitor and prevent the formation of cartels by cellular operators in the cover of associations such as COAI and AUSPI. Source: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Source: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Graphs show the percentage decline in national and international call rates. This occurred due to intense competition that generated after TRAI regulations. Steps taken by TRAI that affected tariffs: Interconnect Usage Charge payable by one operator to another for using their network Reduction in Access Deficit Charge also contributed in bringing down the call rates Calling Party Pays regime fixed low termination charges further reduced prices Unified Access Service License gave operators the privilege to determine tariffs Impact of price-war Price war among operators hits the revenue growth significantly. For the new entrants, the break-even point at which expenses equals revenue also increases. The decline in prices due to competition increases the consumer base to unsustainable levels. Previous data suggests that only 50% of the subscribers are new and the rest are either churning the network or keeping an additional connection. Graph shows increase in demand with decrease in price Table below shows market revenue growth in terms of MRPU. major players.jpg Marginal Revenues Per Minutes (MRPU) Graph below depicts the growth in usage actuated by reduction in tariffs. Apart from low call rates, reduced cost of handsets and free handset facility by service providers also contributed to the increase in customer base. Source: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Non-Price Competition Recent launch of per second billing option by Tata, pushed its rivals to indulge in non-price competition. Most of the operators have now started offering similar per second billing to its customers and this has resulted in creating more pressure on margins. Value added services and customer friendly facilities like online payment, internet access and better network coverage constituted in non-price competition. Conclusion The above research and analysis of data implies that Indian telecom industry exist in oligopolistic situation where few major players are having large share of the market. Strategic change of one operator impacts the strategy of other players, resulting in interdependence among operators. High entry barriers restrict new entrants to enter the industry and regulatory authority like TRAI monitors the formation of cartel in the industry. Analysis also shows that competition in oligopolists is not only due to price-wars but other factors such as better services and low cost of handsets also influence a large customer base.

The Klu Klux Klan Essay examples -- Klu Klux Klan Racism Essays

The Ku Klux Klan originated over one hundred years ago and has gone through many changes since its beginning. Although many people know the Ku Klux Klan exists, they do not understand its purpose or how it has changed throughout its life. After the Civil War ended, the Southern states went through a time known as Reconstruction. Ex-Confederate soldiers had returned home now, and they were still upset about the outcome of the war. It is at this point in time that the Ku Klux Klan became a part of everyday life for many Southerners. In the beginning the Ku Klux Klan was started to be a way for people who had the same views to spend time together. The original members meant of the Ku Klux Klan to be a "hilarious social club" that would be full of aimless fun (Invisible Empire, p.9), though in later years the Ku Klux Klan became known for their violence against people outside the white race and people who associated with them. Contrary to what most people believe, the Ku Klux Klan was started because of a few people wanted to have some innocent fun, not because they were intending to start a chain of violence on anyone outside the white race.(The Klan, p.2) The Ku Klux Klan began in Pulaski, Tennessee, a small town south of Nashville. On the night of December 24, 1865 six ex-confederate soldiers were sitting around a fireplace it the law office of Judge Thomas M. Jones.(Invisible Empire, p.9) These six friends were having a discussion and were trying to come up with an idea to cheer themselves up. One of the men suggested that they should start a club and the rest of the men agreed with the idea. After discussing the mew idea, the men decided to meet again and retired for the night. The second meeting was again at Judge Thoma... ... BIBLIOGRAPHY Chalmers, David M. Hooded Americanism. New York: Franklin Watts, 1981. Horn, Stanley F. Invisible Empire. Connecticut: John E. Edwards, 1969. Imperial Klans of America. http://www.kkkk.net/index.html. 13 April 2008. Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. http://www.kkk.com/intro.htm#stands. 11 April 2008. Kajun Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. http://louisianaknights.com/belief.html. 13 April 2008. "KKK, Though in Decline, Packs Punch." St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 26 August 1996, Section News Analysis. Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. http://www.k-k-k.com/belief.html. 13 April 2008. North Georgia White Knights. http://www.theklan.com/inform.htm. 12 April 2008. Sims, Patsy. The Klan. New York: Stein and Day, 1985. Southern Cross Militant Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. http://personal.atl. bellsouth.net/atl/a/k/akia/index.html. 12 April 2008.

The Cost of Higher Education Essay -- Education College Graduate Schoo

Introduction The increasing cost of higher education in the United States has been a continuing topic for debate in recent decades. American society emphasizes the importance of education after high school, yet the cost of undergraduate and advanced degrees continually rises at a greater rate than inflation. According to the Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance, cost factors prevent 48% of college-qualified high school graduates from pursuing further education (McKeon, 2004, p. 45). The current system requires the majority of students to accumulate extensive debt with the expectation that they gain lucrative post-graduate employment to repay their loans. The cost of higher education raises several ethical issues. Among these are the perpetuation of the cycle of debt in American commercial society, the hierarchy of differing higher education institutions and cost, and the resulting socioeconomic and racial inequities in college demographics. Both an examination of the current trends and figures and a closer look at a real life example show the troublesome state of higher education and its effect on our commercial society. The Facts about Cost, Financial Assistance, and Loans Research indicates a steep upward trend in the cost of higher education throughout the 20th century. In recent decades, America has witnessed a widening gap between inflation and tuition. An incoming freshman at a typical college incurs charges for tuition, university fees, books, room and board, and other miscellaneous items. During the 1999-2000 academic year the total cost of attendance for full time undergraduates at a 2-year institution averaged $9,083, a 4-year public institution equaled $12,601, and a 4-year private... ...costs? USA Today, 123, 66-67. Retrieved November 29, 2004 from Academic Search Premier Database. Laurence, D. (2003, winter). Notes on the English major. ADE Bulletin 133, 3-5. Malveaux, J. (2004, July). Will tuition become a campaign issue? Black Issues in Higher Education, 21. Retrieved November 30, 2004 from Academic Search Premier Database. McKeon, H. P. (2004, January). Intervention is needed. USA Today, 1/5/04. Reiland, R. (1996, September) Deconstructing the ivory tower. National Review, 48, 36. Retrieved November 29, 2004, from Academic Search Premier Database. Through a different lens: A new angle on the price spiral in higher education. (2000, January/February). The National Center for Postsecondary Improvement. University of Minnesota. (2004). Retrieved December 12, 2004 from http://www1.umn.edu/twincities/01_about.php

THE MUTUAL SHAPING OF ONLINE AND OFFLINE SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS

IntroductionTechnically talking cyberspace is a planetary web of interrelated webs. All most all of these webs holds files such as web pages, that can be accessed by all other networked computing machines. Every computing machine or any device like cell phone etc which is connected to internet hold the ability to direct and have files in the signifier of electronic mails or another file extensions over the cyberspace. And therefore the people all over the universe are connected ever. If we place internet in the historical context and so critically examines the consequence of cyberspace usage on the societal relationships so we could see that the effects of cyberspace usage are mostly depended on peculiar ends such as self-expression or competition. In 1998, Kraut and his co-workers cited a correlativity between the cyberspace usage and diminutions in societal relationships. After old ages the same group of people did a survey on the original sample group and founded out that the nega tive effects of utilizing cyberspace had dissipated and besides it suggested that the cyberspace had a really positive consequence on societal and psychological well-being of the modern people. Here my purpose or aim is to critically analyze the work done by Bo Xie on the subject The common defining of online and offline societal relationships. The writer of this subject is Dr. Bo Xie, ( PhD, Rensselaer Polytechnic ) Assistant Professor in college of information surveies under the University of Maryland. She has published a figure of books on information direction. Her Research Interests are in Health information sciences ; older grownups ‘ acquisition and usage of computing machines and the Internet ; computing machine literacy ; womb-to-tomb acquisition ; civic battle ; volunteering ; societal relationships ; societal support ; on-line communities ; wellness and wellbeing ( hypertext transfer protocol: //terpconnect.umd. Edu/~ boxie/ ) .As a decision of my critical analysis I came to cognize that cyberspace has both positive and negative effects on the societal relationships in the modern world.Some of the positive effects are like on-line chatting, which will make new friendly relationships and relationships which besides helps in buttocks in touch with old friends.The same chatting could be the demerit when it creates uneconomical relationships between people while chew the fating in the net for long hours. The positive effects of the cyberspace on the societal relationships may be important but the demerits of utilizing cyberspace might be destructiveMETHOD OF EVALUATIONIn the method of rating of the research writer had interviewed 30 three participants from OldKids administration whom falls under old age group and different educational backgrounds. Here the writer tries to indicate out two civilization specific groups. First -informed by anthropologists on the observation that the ageing experience difference over civilizations and these participan ts were non selected by age but by self designation. It contained Chinese citizens. Second-retired Chinese participants. In the research the writer speaks about the societal relationships in the cyberspace age and the societal relationships in the ulterior life. She says that the usage of cyberspace in this age reduces societal relationship and increases the societal isolation. The surveies reveal that this construct was accepted before old ages but now the on-line relationships are more dependable, realistic, low cost and easy approachable than in older yearss. She describes that the digital universe or the internet age is wholly independent on on the offline or the physical universe. This is a true fact and the two universes are wholly different from each other with their ain advantages and disadvantages.The practical universe helps each individual to get the better of from the corporal restraints such as sex, age, race and nationality and gives a quite environment from the outrea ch of the physical universe. But there is besides a opportunity of acquiring attracted more towards sexy relationships as the online users could go through their message unashamedly as they are non seeing each other face to face. The usage of online dealingss besides creates phase frightness in kids. The practical universe creates the same state of affairss predominating in the physical universe. This hypothesis is right from my point of position as well.Now we could make any thing in the practical universe that is go oning in the physical universe expect from the point of physical contacts. More late the computing machine people had created even practical lottos were a user could do a profile with a a character and that character could interact with the other characters whom are created by other users. From the groundss and the mentions the writer argues that the societal relationships created or formed and maintained through electronic mail are perceived by persons are less valuab le than the relationship created by the one to one face to face and telephonic relationships. This hypothesis is non wholly acceptable as there are many grounds of people acquiring more and more engaged in relationships which is created through internet.But the hypothesis is acceptable from the point of position that people even ca n't retrieve even the names of their on-line friends. The encouraging nature of the friendly relationship is really less or seldom seeable in online relationship.Evidences shows that friendly relationship is more affiliated in the ulterior life of older grownups. The practical online friends tries to run into and mix in the physical universe of dealingss. Therefore on-line friends tends to run into their friends physically face to confrontTECHNIQUES USED FOR GATHERING DATA AND ANALYSISThe techniques used for the aggregation of informations to back up my observations were perfectly secondary that is by reading the books, journels and and besides surfing in the cyberspace as the nature of the assignment is to critically analyze. As we analyse the informations available we could state that the research done by Dr.Bo Xie had some few restrictions. The first 1 is that it has concidered merely the people from China as the samples. The usage of cyberspace for doing relationships in China may be different from other parts of the universe. As China is technologically frontward than many other states the online dealingss could be more in China than in other countries.Second one is that the research selected merely 30 three participants which is non sufficient for a good research to be conducted. But the technique used was random sampling which could supply with better consequences. The information aggregation would be better if it could make an online trying which includes the people from other parts of the universe were there usage of cyberspace is non so common. Third one is that the samples contained merely old people and it wholly avoided the new coevals which decidedly would make a interruption through in the research. The information analysis for this survey was controlled by grounded theory where the information aggregation and analysis occurs at the same time to guarantee the coevolution of the informations and the theory.After interview with each individual the writer writes a short description about the provender back including the clip and location of the interview.Its a long procedure of doing a research which takes much clip but helps to include each and every minute inside informations of the observation. Then the analysis showed that the demand to run into offline is in relation with the demand to cognize more about computing machines and besides to mix with the friends in the same age group in the physical universe. It besides resulted in formations of some nines as good. Internet helped the people to link with the equals who were physically far off who were non in range to the old people. This is beside s an acceptable fact but we should concider one point that cyberspace is non available in rural parts of most of the universe.LITERATURE REVIEWâ€Å" Greater usage of the Internet was besides associated with little, but statistically important diminutions in societal engagement as measured by communicating with the household and the size of people ‘s local societal webs, and with additions in solitariness, a psychological province associated with societal engagement † . ( Kraut et al,1998 ) † A 2nd survey was so done on new buyers of computing machine and telecastings, and it besides showed that the cyberspace had a positive consequence on societal and psychological wellbeing. Unsurprisingly, this was more marked for extraverts and more socially connected people † . ( Kraut et al ) † Results of a new three twelvemonth survey are the first to uncover the societal effects of life in a highly-wired, broadband vicinity. This research addresses recent invol vement in the effects of Internet usage on relationships with friends, relations and neighbours. The cardinal determination is that populating in a wired vicinity with entree to a high-velocity local web encourages greater community engagement, expands and strengthens local relationships with neighbours and household, and helps keep ties with friends and relations populating further off † . ( Prof. Keith Hampton and Prof. Barry Wellman )MAIN ARGUMENTSMain statement gives the strength and failing of the research.StrengthsThe research has good explained how the online dealingss helped older people in happening their old equals and doing new friends who are physically excessively far off from them. The theory used for the research that is the land theory has strongly supported the findings and observations of the writer. The interviews were conducted in deepness and it has taken down all the points without any girl at the clip of the interview.The analysis is so clear that every one could understand it without much difficulty.The research clearly mentions how the cyberspace helped the old people in doing a new on-line universe of their own.The resarch gives mentions to many great books and writers to do it more reliable.It discusses the subject with a narrative which the brand the readers more amused.FailingThe research discusses merely the positive facets of old people utilizing internet.The study done was non a random study which decreases the truth of the research. The figure of individuals selected for the research were really less like 30 three and besides the members were selected from China only.The research did non give any single inside informations of the interviewees and it merely give merely an lineation of a broader topic.The cyberspace is largely used by pupils adolescents etc who were non involved in this research.So there is a opportunity of acquiring inaccurate or even incorrect dimensions to the research.It besides non references about wha t happens in the other parts of the universe where there is merely a limited entree to internet.DISCUSSION AND EVALUATIONThis research subject is more relevent to the modern universe while measuring deeply and is a must discussed topic.Firstly the usage of cyberspace to do equals for the old people is a subject which accurate to the modern universe of emphasis and tenseness. Due to the addition in figure of cyberspace users the universe becomes familiar to each individual.The subject is of import because in close hereafter cipher might be there who does n't cognize how to work with cyberspace. The groundss put frontward by the research worker are all valid and the theory and the state of affairs used are really supportive.The decision or the result of the research is sufficient in giving the thought of the subject. The research is crystalline that the techniques used are quite appropriate and is been justified. Though the analysis was good the informations aggregation was non upto t he grade but besides resulted in better result. The methodological analysis is widely accepted type and sounds proper to the predominating situation.Critically analyzing is the best manner to construe a research and besides it helps in bring forthing better results and a modified hereafter to the stakeholdersDecisionThis critical reappraisal comes into the decision that the research has a positive attitude towards the online relationship at the same clip it accepts the physical relationship as good. The purpose of the research was to distinguish between online and offline relationship and it has done its occupation with flawlessness. The research is dependable, acceptable and adds value to the future universe. The findings are based and built on theories so they are accurate.the theory shows that the figure of people attracted towards online relationship is increased due to its positive facets. Though on-line relation creates a practical distance between the people it creates an con sciousness that we are one. The most polished quality of the subject falls in the relevant nature of the hosen subject. The consequences obtained can be used in most of the states though it can non be used in some of the rural parts of the universe. The restrictions of the research are overcome by the relevancy and importance of the subject. The research gives great part to the modern universe of computing machine. So the cogency of the subject is really high.